Ovarian Cancer

Why choose us for Ovarian Cancer?

What you need to know about Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the ovaries, which are the female reproductive glands responsible for producing eggs (ova) and the hormones estrogen and progesterone. There are several types of ovarian cancer, but the most common type is epithelial ovarian cancer, which begins in the layer of cells covering the ovaries. Other types include germ cell tumors, which start in the cells that form eggs, and stromal tumors, which begin in the ovarian tissue that produces hormone-producing cells.

  • Epithelial Ovarian Cancer:

    • Most common type (90% of cases).
    • Starts in the epithelial cells covering the ovary.

  • Germ Cell Tumors:

    • Rare and typically affect younger women.
    • Originate in the egg-producing cells.

  • Stromal Tumors:

    • Also rare.
    • Develop in the hormone-producing tissue of the ovaries.

The exact cause of ovarian cancer is not well understood, but several factors can increase the risk:

  • Genetic Mutations: BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations significantly increase the risk.
  • Family History: Having close relatives with ovarian or breast cancer.
  • Age: Most common in women over 50.
  • Reproductive History and Infertility: Infertility and having fewer full-term pregnancies.
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy: Especially when used for an extended period.
  • Endometriosis: Condition where tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside it.

Symptoms are often subtle and can be mistaken for other conditions:

  • Abdominal bloating or swelling.
  • Pelvic or abdominal pain.
  • Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly.
  • Urinary symptoms (urgency or frequency).
  • Fatigue.
  • Back pain.
  • Pain during intercourse.
  • Menstrual changes.

Diagnosis typically involves several steps:

  • Pelvic Examination: To check for any abnormalities.
  • Imaging Tests: Ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI to visualize the ovaries.
  • Blood Tests: CA-125 marker test, though not specific for ovarian cancer.
  • Biopsy: Surgical removal of a sample of tissue for examination.
  • Laparoscopy: Minimally invasive surgery to look inside the abdomen.

Treatment depends on the type and stage of the cancer:

  • Surgery: Main treatment, often involving removal of one or both ovaries, fallopian tubes, the uterus, and nearby lymph nodes.
  • Chemotherapy: Uses drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth. Administered before or after surgery.
  • Targeted Therapy: Drugs that specifically target cancer cells with less damage to normal cells (e.g., PARP inhibitors).
  • Radiation Therapy: Rarely used but may be considered in certain cases.

The prognosis depends on various factors:

  • Stage at Diagnosis: Early-stage ovarian cancer has a better prognosis.
  • Type and Grade of Cancer: High-grade and more aggressive types have a poorer prognosis.
  • Overall Health: Patient’s general health and response to treatment.

While no sure way to prevent ovarian cancer exists, certain measures may reduce risk:

  • Oral Contraceptives: Use of birth control pills.
  • Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Having full-term pregnancies and breastfeeding.
  • Surgical Options: Prophylactic oophorectomy (removal of ovaries) for those at high risk, such as BRCA mutation carriers.
  • Regular Check-ups: Being vigilant about any symptoms and regular medical check-ups.

Survival rates vary based on the stage at diagnosis and other factors:

  • Stage I: 5-year survival rate is about 90%.
  • Stage II: 5-year survival rate is about 70%.
  • Stage III: 5-year survival rate is about 39%.
  • Stage IV: 5-year survival rate is about 17%.

These rates are averages, and individual outcomes can vary. Early detection significantly improves survival chances.

Overall, advancements in treatment and increased awareness are improving outcomes for women with ovarian cancer. Regular medical check-ups and attention to symptoms are crucial for early diagnosis and successful treatment.

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