Liver cancer, also known as hepatic cancer, refers to the abnormal growth of cells in the liver. It can originate within the liver itself (primary liver cancer) or spread to the liver from other parts of the body (secondary or metastatic liver cancer).
Preparation:
Open Communication:
Questions to Ask:
Preferences and Priorities:
Clarification and Second Opinions:
Follow-Up and Support:
Effective communication with your doctor ensures you receive the best possible care and support throughout your journey with liver cancer.
Here are some common causes and risk factors associated with liver cancer:
Chronic viral hepatitis: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are major risk factors for liver cancer. These viruses can cause chronic inflammation in the liver, leading to liver damage and eventually cancer.
Cirrhosis: Cirrhosis is severe scarring of the liver tissue, often caused by long-term liver damage from conditions such as chronic alcoholism, chronic viral hepatitis, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Cirrhosis significantly increases the risk of liver cancer.
Alcohol consumption: Heavy and prolonged alcohol consumption can lead to liver damage and increase the risk of liver cancer, especially when combined with other risk factors like viral hepatitis or obesity.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): These conditions are characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver and can progress to liver inflammation and cirrhosis, increasing the risk of liver cancer.
Obesity: Obesity is linked to an increased risk of liver cancer, likely due to its association with NAFLD/NASH and insulin resistance, which can lead to liver inflammation and damage.
Exposure to aflatoxins: Aflatoxins are toxic substances produced by certain molds that can contaminate food, particularly grains and nuts. Chronic exposure to aflatoxins is a risk factor for liver cancer, especially in regions where food contamination is common.
Genetic factors: Inherited liver diseases, such as hemochromatosis, Wilson’s disease, and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, can increase the risk of liver cancer.
Smoking: Smoking tobacco has been associated with an increased risk of liver cancer.
Exposure to certain chemicals: Long-term exposure to certain chemicals or toxins, such as vinyl chloride and arsenic, can increase the risk of liver cancer.
Male gender: Men are at a higher risk of developing liver cancer compared to women, although the reasons for this difference are not fully understood.
It’s important to note that having one or more risk factors does not necessarily mean a person will develop liver cancer, but it does increase the likelihood. Regular screening, lifestyle modifications, vaccination against hepatitis B, and early treatment of liver diseases can help reduce the risk of developing liver cancer.
