Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer. It arises from the basal cells, which are found in the deepest layer of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin.
Origin: Basal cell carcinoma develops when basal cells undergo mutations in their DNA, usually due to cumulative exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or tanning beds.
Appearance: BCC often appears as a pearly or waxy bump, a flat, flesh-colored or brown scar-like lesion, or a pinkish patch of skin. It can vary greatly in appearance.
Location: It commonly occurs on areas of the skin that are frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, ears, neck, scalp, shoulders, and back.
Growth: Basal cell carcinoma typically grows slowly and rarely spreads to other parts of the body (metastasizes). However, if left untreated, it can invade surrounding tissues and cause disfigurement.
Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma: This is the most common type, appearing as a flesh-colored, pearl-like bump.
Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma: Typically appears as a red, scaly patch, often resembling eczema or psoriasis.
Infiltrative Basal Cell Carcinoma: It infiltrates deeper into the skin, often lacking distinct borders.
Morpheaform or Sclerosing Basal Cell Carcinoma: This type has a scar-like appearance and can be challenging to diagnose.
Pigmented Basal Cell Carcinoma: Contains melanin pigment, making it appear brown or black.
Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation: Prolonged exposure to UV radiation from sunlight or tanning beds is the primary cause.
Fair Skin: Light-skinned individuals are at higher risk.
Cumulative Sun Exposure: Over years, exposure to the sun increases the risk.
Genetics: Some genetic conditions increase susceptibility.
Raised, Pearly Bump: Often with a rolled border.
Flat, Flesh-colored or Brown Patch of Skin: May resemble a scar.
Pinkish Growth: Sometimes with blood vessels visible.
Open Sore or Ulcer: That doesn’t heal or keeps returning.
Physical Examination: A dermatologist examines the skin for any suspicious lesions.
Skin Biopsy: A small sample of the lesion is taken and examined under a microscope to confirm cancer.
Surgical Excision:
Mohs Micrographic Surgery:
Cryotherapy:
Curettage and Electrodessication:
Topical Medications:
Radiation Therapy:
Excellent: Basal cell carcinoma is rarely life-threatening if detected and treated early.
Recurrence: There’s a chance of recurrence, especially if not completely removed.
Metastasis: Extremely rare, but if left untreated for a long time, it can invade surrounding tissues, though it almost never spreads to distant organs.
