Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Why Choose us for Acute Myeloid Leukemia?

What you need to know about Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer that affects the bone marrow and blood. It is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells (myeloid cells) that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells.

 

  • By Cell Type:

    • Myeloblastic or Myeloid Leukemia: Affects myeloid cells.
    • Monocytic Leukemia: Affects monocytes.
    • Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL): A subtype of AML with specific genetic features.

  • By Genetic Abnormalities:

    • AML with specific genetic abnormalities (e.g., mutations in genes like FLT3, NPM1, etc.).
    • AML without maturation.
    • Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), characterized by the translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17.
  • Genetic Mutations: Certain genetic mutations are associated with the development of AML.
  • Risk Factors: Exposure to radiation, certain chemicals (like benzene), previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy, smoking, and some genetic disorders (e.g., Down syndrome) increase the risk.
  • Fatigue
  • Shortness of breath
  • Pale skin
  • Frequent infections
  • Easy bruising or bleeding
  • Bone pain
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Fever
  • Blood Tests: Complete blood count (CBC) to check for abnormal levels of blood cells.
  • Bone Marrow Biopsy: To examine the bone marrow for leukemia cells.
  • Genetic Testing: To identify specific genetic mutations.
  • Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap): To check if leukemia cells have spread to the cerebrospinal fluid.
  • Chemotherapy: Main treatment, using drugs to kill leukemia cells.
  • Targeted Therapy: Drugs that target specific abnormalities in leukemia cells.
  • Stem Cell Transplant: Replaces diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells.
  • Clinical Trials: New treatments being tested.
  • Supportive Care: Blood transfusions, antibiotics to prevent infections, etc.
  • Prognosis depends on various factors including age, overall health, specific genetic abnormalities, and response to treatment.
  • Some subtypes of AML have better prognoses than others.
  • Relapse is possible, and prognosis after relapse is generally poorer.
  • Avoiding Known Risk Factors: Minimize exposure to chemicals like benzene, avoid smoking, etc.
  • Genetic Counseling: For individuals with certain genetic predispositions.
  • Survival rates vary widely based on factors like age, overall health, subtype of AML, and response to treatment.
  • Overall, survival rates have improved with advancements in treatment.
  • Five-year survival rates vary from around 20% to 70%, depending on various factors.

 

It’s important for individuals to discuss their specific situation and prognosis with their healthcare team, as every case is unique. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial for better outcomes in AML.

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